参考文献/References:
[1] 中华医学会神经外科学分会介入学组. 脑动静脉畸形介 入治疗中国专家共识[J]. 中华神经外科杂志，2017，33： 1195-1203.
[2] Mohr JP, Parides MK, Stapf C, et al. Medical management with or without interventional therapy for unruptured brain arteriovenous malformations (ARUBA): a multicentre, non- blinded, randomised trial [J]. Lancet, 2014, 383(9917): 614-621.
[3] ApSimon HT, Reef H, Phadke RV, et al. A population- based study of brain arteriovenous malformation: long-term treatment outcomes [J]. Stroke, 2002, 33(12): 2794-800.
[4] Brown RD Jr, Wiebers DO, Forbes G, et al. The natural history of unruptured intracranial arteriovenous malforma- tions [J]. J Neurosurg, 1988, 68(3): 352-357.
[5] Halim AX, Johnston SC, Singh V, et al. Longitudinal risk of intracranial hemorrhage in patients with arteriovenous malformation of the brain within a defined population [J]. Stroke, 2004, 35(7): 1697-1702.
[6] Mast H, Young WL, Koennecke HC, et al. Risk of spontane- ous haemorrhage after diagnosis of cerebral arteriovenous malformation [J]. Lancet, 1997, 350(9084): 1065-1068.
[7] Yamada S, Takagi Y, Nozaki K, et al. Risk factors for subse quent hemorrhage in patients with cerebral arteriovenous malformations [J]. J Neurosurg, 2007, 107(5): 965-972.
[8] Lv X, Liu J, Hu X, et al. Patient age, hemorrhage patterns, and outcomes of arteriovenous malformation [J]. World Neurosurg, 2015, 84(4): 1039-1044.
[9] Guo Y, Saunders T, Su H, et al. Silent intralesional microhe morrhage as a risk factor for brain arteriovenous malforma- tion rupture [J]. Stroke, 2012, 43(5): 1240-1246.
[10] Abla AA, Nelson J, Kim H, et al. Silent arteriovenous mal formation hemorrhage and the recognition of "unruptured" arteriovenous malformation patients who benefit from surgical intervention [J]. Neurosurgery, 2015, 76(5): 592- 600.
[11] Haacke EM, Xu Y, Cheng YC, et al. Susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) [J]. Magn Reson Med, 2004, 52(3): 612-618.
[12] Di Ieva A, Lam T, Alcaide-Leon P, et al. Magnetic reso- nance susceptibility weighted imaging in neurosurgery: current applications and future perspectives [J]. J Neuro- surg, 2015, 123(6): 1463-1475.
[13] Nighoghossian N, Hermier M, Adeleine P, et al. Old micro- bleeds are a potential risk factor for cerebral bleeding after ischemic stroke: a gradient-echo T2*-weighted brain MRI study [J]. Stroke, 2002, 33(3): 735-742.
[14] Tong KA, Ashwal S, Holshouser BA, et al. Hemorrhagic shearing lesions in children and adolescents with posttrau- matic diffuse axonal injury: improved detection and initial results [J]. Radiology, 2003, 227(2): 332-339.
[15] Pinker K, Stavrou I, Szomolanyi P, et al. Improved preopera- tive evaluation of cerebral cavernomas by high-field, high- resolution susceptibility-weighted magnetic resonance imaging at 3 Tesla: comparison with standard (1.5 T) magnetic resonance imaging and correlation with histopa- thological findings--preliminary results [J]. Invest Radiol, 2007, 42(6): 346-351.
[16] Haacke EM, DelProposto ZS, Chaturvedi S, et al. Imaging cerebral amyloid angiopathy with susceptibility-weighted imaging [J]. Am J Neuroradiol, 2007, 28(2): 316-317.
[17] Miyasaka Y, Nakayama K, Matsumori K, et al. Clinicopatho- logical study and clinical significance of ’silent’ hemorrhage in arteriovenous malformations of the brain [J]. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo), 1982, 22(12): 989-994.
[18] Defillo A, Kennedy J. Silent arteriovenous malformation he- morrhage and the recognition of "unruptured" arteriovenous malformation patients who benefit from surgical intervention [J]. Neurosurgery, 2015, 77(5): E842-843..
[19] Pekmezci M, Nelson J, Su H, et al. Morphometric charac- terization of brain arteriovenous malformations for clinical and radiological studies to identify silent intralesional microhemorrhages [J]. Clin Neuropathol, 2016, 35(3): 114- 21.
[20] Prayer L, Wimberger D, Stiglbauer R, et al. Haemorrhage in intracerebral arteriovenous malformations: detection with MRI and comparison with clinical history [J]. Neuroradio- logy, 1993, 35(6): 424-427.