参考文献/References:
[1] Gillam MP, Molitch ME, Lombardi G, et al. Advances in the
treatment of prolactinomas [J]. Endocr Rev, 2006, 27: 485-
534.
[2] Liu JK, Couldwell WT. Contemporary management of prola-
ctinomas [J]. Neurosurg Focus, 2004, 16: E2.
[3] Casanueva FF, Molitch ME, Schlechte JA, et al. Guidelines
of the Pituitary Society for the diagnosis and management of
prolactinomas [J]. Clin Endocrinol, 2006, 65: 265-73.
[4] Fernandez A, Karavitaki N, Wass J A. Prevalence of pitui-
tary adenomas [J]. Clin Endocrinol(Oxf), 2010, 72(3): 377-
382.
[5] 于 群，徐 硕. 垂体垂体泌乳素腺瘤影像生长方式分类
和临床关系的研究[J]. 临床神经外科杂志，2017，14：
271-274.
[5] Karavitaki N, Thanabalasingham G, Shore HC, et al. Do the
limits of serum prolactin in disconnection hyperprolactinae-
mia need re-definition [J]? Clin Endocrinol(Oxf), 2006, 65
(4): 524-529.
[7] Webster J. Clinical management of prolactinomas [J]. Bai-
llieres Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab, 1999, 13:
395-408.
[8] Pinzone JJ, Katznelson L, Danila DC, et al. Primary medical
therapy of micro-and macroprolactinomas in men [J]. J Clin
Endocrinol Metab, 2000, 85: 3053-7.
[9] Melmed S, Casanueva FF, Hoffman AR, et al. Endocrine
Society: diagnosis and treatment of hyperprolactinemia [J].
J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2011, 96(2): 273-288.
[10] Noronha S, Stokes V, Karavitaki N, et al. Treating prolac-
tinomas with dopamine agonists [J]. Endocrine, 2016, 51(2):
205-210.
[11] Ono M, Miki N, Kawamata T, et al. Prospective study of
high-dose cabergoline treatment of prolactinomas in 150
patients [J]. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2008, 93: 4721-4727.
[12] Delgrange E, Daems T, Verhelst J, et al. Characterization of
resistance to the prolactin-lowering effects of cabergoline in
macroprolactinomas: a study in 122 patients [J]. Eur J
Endocrinol, 2009, 160(5): 747-752.
[13] Simonis G, Fuhrmann JT, Strasser RH. Meta-analysis of
heart valveabnormalities in Parkinson disease patients
treated with dopamine agonists [J]. Mov Disord, 2007, 22
(13): 1936-1942.
[14] Valassi E, Klibanski A, Biller BM. Clinical Review#:
potential cardiac valve effects of dopamine agonists in
hyperprolactinemia [J]. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2010, 95
(3): 1025-1033.
[15] Molitch ME. Management of medically refractory prolacti-
noma [J]. J Neurooncol, 2014, 117(3): 421-428.
[16] Mancini T, Casanueva FF, Giustina A. Hyperprolactinemia
and prolactinomas [J]. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am,
2008, 37: 67-99.
[17] Dekkers OM, Lagro J, Burman P, et al. Recurrence of hyper-
prolactinemia after withdrawal of dopamine agonists:
systematic review and meta-analysis [J]. J Clin Endocrinol
Metab, 2010, 95: 43-51.
[18] Melmed S, Casanueva FF, Hoffman AR, et al. Diagnosis and
treatment of hyperprolactinemia: an Endocrine Society
clinical practice guideline [J]. J Clin Endocfinol Metab,
2011, 96(2): 273-288.
[19] Delgrange E, Crabbe J, Donckier J. Late development of
resistance to bromocriptine in a patient with macroprolac-
tinoma [J]. Horm Res, 1998, 49: 250-253.
[20] Popadic A, Witzmann A, Buchfelder M, et al. Malignant
pmlactinoma case report and review of the literature [J].
Surg Neurol, 1999, 51: 47-55.
[21] Vroonen L, Jaffrain-Rea ML, Petrossians P, et al. Prolacti-
nomas resistant to standard doses of cabergoline: a multi-
center study of 92 patients [J]. Eur J Endocrinol, 2012, 167:
651-62.
[22] Turner HE, Adams CB, Wass JA. Trans-sphenoidal surgery
for microprolactinoma: an acceptable alternative to dopa-
mine agonists [J]? Eur J Endocrinol, 1999, 140: 43-47.
[23] Liu JK, Krieger MD, Amar A, et al. Prolactinomas [M]. In:
Quinones-Hinojosa A. Schmidek & Sweet Operative
Neurosurgical Techniques: Indications, Methods, And
Results. Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier, 2012.
[24] Ikeda H, Watanabe K, Tominaga T, et al. Transsphenoidal
microsurgical results of female patients with prolactinomas
[J]. Clin Neurol Neurosurg, 2013, 115: 1621-1625.
[25] Ciric I, Ragin A, Baumgartner C, et al. Complications of
transsphenoidal surgery [J]. Neurosurgery, 1997, 40(2):
225-236.
[26] Barker FG II, Klibanski A, Swearingen B. Transsphenoidal
surgery for pituitary tumors in the United States, 1996-
2000 [J]. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2003, 88: 4709-4719.
[27] Cote DJ, Alzarea A, Acosta MA, et al. Predictors and rates
of delayed symptom atichyponatremia after transsphenoidal
surgery: a systematic review [J]. World Neurosurg, 2016,
88: 1-6.
[28] 王 飞，宗绪毅，李储宗，等. 内镜下经鼻入路手术切除
132例泌乳素腺瘤的疗效观察[J]. 中华解剖与临床杂志，
2015，20（6）：563-566.
[29] 梁 昕，王勇军，邓蜀云，等. 伽马刀治疗单纯泌乳素型垂
体瘤325例[J]. 西南国防医药，2014，24（2）：192-194.
[30] Liu JK.Patel J, Eloy JA. The role of temozolomide in the
treatment of aggressive pituitary tumors [J]. J Clin Neurosci,
2015, 22(6): 923-929.